Persistance of vision

Persistance of Vision

Persistance of vision is a theory which says that the human eye always retains an image for a short period of time, this is why a strip of still images can make animation, because your brain remembers the previous image for a split second. This is the technique used in stop motion animation, because each image is different it gives the illusion that it is moving. This theory led to the beginning of animation. We use FPS (Frames Per Second), its normally 25fps which means that you use 25 still images for one second of animation, with this amount of images the difference between the previous, current and next image small. With this it means that the animation looks more realistic and more fluent/flows better together. Any gaps that you may miss your brain can fill them in thats how we get the elusion of animation.

Zoetrope

Zoetrope which was invented by William Horner in England 1834, he originally called it Daedalum. Zoetrope provides an illusion of motion when you place images inside the circular drum and spin it, you have to look through the slots if you look from above all you will see is a blur. If you look through the slots you only see the image for a short amount of time this is where persistance of vision works, you remember the images, and our brain puts the images together to create the effect of it actually moving.

Kinetoscope

This was invented by Thomas Edison, it allows people to see a motion picture and it was one of the first to do this. A kinetiscope works because it creates the illusion of movement by using a strip of film which has a sequence of images with a light over it, to watch it there would be a hole at the top that you would have to look through.

Mutoscope

It is a simple way of stop motion, this works by a series of images on a wheel when the rotation of the wheel brings them into sight to create a moving picture

phenakistiscope

1. The phenakistiscope is an early animation device that uses a spinning disk of full of images that spins to create illusion of motion.

thaumotrope

A thaumotrope was origanly a toy in the 1800's, it is a small disk with an image on each side and at the edges the are two pices of string, to make this work you have to spin the string quickly to make the two images work.

flipbook

1. A flip book is a book with a series of drawn images so that when the pages are turned quickly the images move, each image changes slightly to make this work. 

Praxinoscope

The Praxinoscope was created in France in 1877 by Charles Emile Reynaud, this replaced the Zoetrope. Its has a strip of images in a cylinder and the picture is reflected by mirrors on another cylinder inside to make this work you have to spin the outside cylinder.

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http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/kinetoscope.html

http://animation.about.com/od/glossaryofterms/g/pervision_def.htm